Thyroid conditions can be easily managed in day-to-day life with the right medications and hormone therapy. However, the symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism must be understood as the risks of thyroid when pregnant, or low or high thyroid hormone levels become much more apparent.

The thyroid is an organ located in the front of the neck that releases hormones to regulate the metabolism (the way the body uses energy), heart and nervous system, weight, body temperature, and many other processes in the body. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are relatively common in pregnancy and important to understand so that they can be treated by expert and experienced doctors. 

During pregnancy, if one has pre-existing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, they may require more medical attention to control these conditions, especially in the first trimester. Occasionally, pregnancy may cause symptoms similar to hyperthyroidism in the first trimester. If one experiences palpitations, weight loss, and persistent vomiting, one should contact their doctor immediately.

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body. When there is an excessive release of these hormones, it can lead to a range of symptoms and health issues. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, anxiety, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. This condition can be caused by various factors, such as Graves’ disease, toxic adenomas, or inflammation of the thyroid gland. Managing hyperthyroidism often involves medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that commonly affects working professionals and individuals from various walks of life. It occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development. When an individual experiences hypothyroidism, they often face a range of symptoms, such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and cognitive difficulties. This condition can have a significant impact on one’s ability to focus and perform at work, as it may lead to reduced energy levels and mental sluggishness.

Symptoms Of Hyperthyroidism When Pregnant

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may mimic those of normal pregnancy, like –

• Increased heart rate
• Sensitivity to hot temperatures
• Fatigue
• Nervousness
• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Slight tremor
• Trouble sleeping
• Weight loss or low weight gain for a typical pregnancy.

Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism When Pregnant

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include –

• Extreme tiredness and weight gain
• Constipation
• Difficulty in concentrating or memory problems
• Sensitivity to cold temperatures
• Muscle cramps

What Leads to the Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism 

The most common cause of maternal hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is the autoimmune disorder grave’s disease. In this disorder, the body makes an antibody (a protein produced by the body when it thinks a virus or bacteria has invaded) called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (tsi) that causes the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune disorder known as hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In this condition, the body mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland cells, leaving the thyroid without enough cells and enzymes to make enough thyroid hormone.

Risks of the Condition of Thyroid When Pregnant

Thyroid hormone is critical for the normal development of the baby’s brain and nervous system. The thyroid enlarges slightly in healthy women during pregnancy, but not enough to be detected by a physical exam. Untreated conditions of thyroid when pregnant may lead to premature birth, preeclampsia (a severe increase in blood pressure), miscarriage, and low birth weight among other problems.

Diagnosis And Test Of Thyroid When Pregnant

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism when pregnant are diagnosed based on symptoms, physical examination, and blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. It is important for all would–be mothers to undergo a thyroid test to avoid the risk during pregnancy.